Teacher Attrition Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teacher Attrition - Dissertation Example The paper tells that this remains a widely acclaimed reality that maintaining a high level of teacher quality forms the critically important factor which ensures student achievement. With myriad types of demons endangering the teacher quality presently, students are consequently facing more and more problems to ensure individual academic accomplishments. The tendency of leaving schools and teaching profession by the learned and wiser teachers results in an inability to preserve an experienced teaching community and this produces many deteriorating influences on the students. What seems to come forward as a really deplorable reality is that many educational officials think that simply replacing those teachers lost to attrition by hiring new teachers could be an effective remedy. Presently, many authentic reports have denied such a fake proposition of undermining the critical nature of teacher attrition by easily hiring new teachers. Mississippi education administrators have taken a wi se decision to take the challenge of reducing the teacher attrition rates to a structural level. Still, a great deal needs to be addressed regarding the issue of teacher attrition and this research aspires to make a contribution to this ongoing effort with results based on certain questions. The fact that teachers constantly rotate with the experienced teachers leaving and new teachers entering the teaching process to leave it within a couple of years leaves the students with no proper education which seriously interferes with their academic dreams. This is exactly why teacher attrition is such a hotly debated issue and deemed to be such an emergency based situation in America for the past many years. This remains a research-based reality that high level of performance on the part of students is directly related with lower attrition rates. Teacher training plans based on longer time periods also greatly helps in provoking the teachers to continue teaching in schools and colleges wel l after the teaching training process ends. Research survey has also shown that stress plays a phenomenal role in promoting the teachers to quit teaching soon. Lack of confidence comes in handy with high level of stress and together they convince a teacher to ignore the students’ learning needs and consider them less important. This issue can be resolved significantly with the help of long teacher training processes which each teacher should be required to engage in prior to becoming a professional scholar. People come in the teaching profession with a sense of purpose very clear in their minds but due to lack of recognition, support, and salary issues, they get bound to leave much earlier than necessary thus increasing turnover rate among teachers. â€Å"Every year in the United States, schools conservatively spend $2.2 billion on the recruiting, hiring, and training of teachers to replace those who have left teaching† (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2005). Continu ous support is also found to have played a phenomenal role in reinforcing teachers’ self-esteems and their decisions to stay and continue teaching for the benefit of their students. This shows that teacher factors related to attrition come first and should not be ignored at any cost. Even a teacher being paid a top-notch salary can never be expected to continue teaching and unaffected all the time despite being discouraged and not motivated in a proper manner. In response to the first question, the factor of salary is found to be positively related with the teachers’ decision to remain in the profession and which also seems to be consistent with the past research done on the relation between salary and teachers’ decision to continue or quit teaching. â€Å"High teacher salaries result in increased commitment and

Mediation in Indian Legal System Essay Example for Free

Mediation in Indian Legal System Essay There are as many 3. 2 crore cases pending in our courts . The number of pending cases may be due to many loop holes in our legal system , these loop holes are known to us but some of them cannot be dealt with because of stringent laws , moreover to face them and to reduce the number a new thing came into being known as ADR ( Alternate Dispute Resolution ) system which as the name suggests is an alternative system to the commonly followed litigation system which is time consuming and sometimes doesn’t provide a common judgment which may be in favor of both the parties. Therefore an act came up in year 1996 known as ADR act 1996 which empowered with a parallel legal alternative which was followed In the U. S. A. Implementation of ADR in India: The implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms as a means to achieve speedy disposal of justice is a crucial issue. The sea-change from using litigation as a tool to resolve disputes to using Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms such as conciliation and mediation to provide speedy justice is a change that cannot be easily achieved. The first step had been taken in India way back in 1940 when the first Arbitration Act was passed. However, due to a lot of loop-holes and problems in the legislation, the provisions could not fully implemented. However, many years later in 1996, The Arbitration and Conciliation Act was passed which was based on the UNCITRAL model, as already discussed in the previous section of the paper. The amendments to this Act were also made taking into account the various opinions of the leading corporates and businessmen who utilise this Act the most. Sufficient provisions have been created and amended in the area of Lok Adalats in order to help the rural and commoner segments to make most use of this unique Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism in India. Therefore, today the provisions in India sufficiently provide for Alternative Dispute Resolution. However, its implementation has been restricted to just large corporates or big business firms. Lok Adalats, though a very old concept in Indian Society, has not been implemented to its utmost level. People still opt for litigation in many spheres due to a lot of drawbacks. Provisions made by the legislators need to be utilised. This utilisation can take place only when a definite procedure to incerase the implementation of ADR is followed. In order to have such an implementation programme, it is necessary to analyse what the problems are and rectify them. Mahatma Gandhi had put in correct words as : â€Å"I had learnt the true picture of law. I had learnt to find out the better side of human nature and to enter mens heart. I realised that the true function of a lawyer was to unite parties riven as under. The lesson was so indelibly burnt into me that a large part of my time during the twenty years of my practice as a lawyer was occupied in bringing about private compromised of hundred of cases. I lost nothing thereby-not even money-certainly not my soul. † The Idea behind finding an alternate was to provide if not greater but equal form of justice. Certain things were kept in mind like a)it should provide equality and be fair b) it should same as judgments based on ethics c) it should be within the law framework of the country d) and it should be able to come up with remedies which a litigative system doesn’t provides. Further one cannot deny the fact that many pitfalls in the Indian Legal System such as delay in justice,expense on drafting , rigitidy of rules and limited participation of parties are few flaws. Every litigant expects to be hared by the judge but due to the rigidity norms its delayed however the rigidity is necessary to maintain the probity of the judicial process. Natural justice as a matter of principle demands judges to hear both the parties in presence of eachother, if it is not than its anathema. Mediation on the other hand is a process in which a person cannot be judgemental but a fecilitator who is just and views underlying issues who helps in communication between two parties and reach a common solution. He however can furnish a report on his mediation and then forward it to the judiciary. This process involves meeting the parties separately and also together . The matter is discussed and accordingly a common solution is found out which of the benefit to both the parties. The mediator understands the source of conflict between the parties and within the parameters of laws suggests them a solution thus creation new ideas. These are advised to the parties and its further for them to accept it. Besides that in mediation process one understands the situation of the other and accordingly reach the conclusion. In the Indian legal system the adversarial nature of our lawyers which involve confliction views are necessary adjunct to effort of the court to investigate facts. But here an individual client feels marginalized in the presentation of his viewpoints by his lawyer before the court as litigants who contest in person give vent to their emotion,opinions,perceptions and interests. Thus mediation calls for in person involvement of a person so that his views are expressed and his emotions. interests, concerns, receive empathy and process is practical. Always judicial remedies are not geared to accommodate. Mediation provides a real alternative as mediation outcomes are less likely to be evaded and parties look beyond the formal confines of a legal dispute. Some cases are not be dealt in conventional court setting such as business and personal relationship where confidentiality is an important aspect. Therefore they require mediation .

Objectification in An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard Essay

Objectification in An Elegy Wrote in a Country Church Yard  Ã‚   In "An Elegy Wrote in a Country Church Yard," Gray symbolizes the objectification of the poor as well as the commodification of nature. In doing this, Gray arranges a hierarchy of objectification within the poem. The hierarchical arrangement begins with nature and continues through the poor with the upper class at the apex of the "pyramid." Gray uses the recurring images of nature to illustrate this organization of classes. To accomplish this arrangement, he shifts the focus from nature to the poor through these images. Finally, in "An Elegy Wrote in a Country Church Yard," death of the poor is the only hope for both nature and the peasants to obtain freedom. In other words, by dying, the poor are no longer objectified by the upper class and nature is no longer objectified by the poor. In his "Elegy," Gray symbolizes the objectification of the poor and nature through a hierarchical arrangement and states that death is the only means by which they can both be free. First, Gray uses images of nature to show the pyramid of power and control in society. Through the imagery of the poem, Gray illustrates the ownership of the land and the poor. They are commodities of the wealthy, land owning members of the upper class. Gray writes "Oft did the Harvest to their Sickle Yield/ Their Furrow oft the stubborn Glebe has broke;/How bowed the Woods beneath their sturdy Stroke!"(lines 25-26, 28). These lines not only symbolize the commodification of nature but also of the lower classes. The image of the woods bowing to the poor shows the control the peasants have over nature. The breaking of the land by the sickle also demonstrates the physical might and domination the poor ... ...image of water. Images of the woods "bowing" to the poor workers and of the oceans carrying the sins of the people illustrate the commodification of nature. Images of the poor "wading through Slaughter" and of them harvesting the fields demonstrate the objectification of the lower class in English society. In doing this, Gray establishes a class system with the upper classes controlling the members of the lower classes. After establishing this system of society, Gray then shifts the focus of the poem from the hierarchy to the emancipation of these commodities. Death is the only means for the poor and the land to be freed from society. Works Cited: Gray, Thomas. "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." in Damrosch, David. The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Volume 1C The Restoration and the 18th Century. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.

Paper Towns Book Response Essay

The? Book? Talk? visual? which? caught? my? eye? the? most? was? Clare? Considine’s? project? on? ‘Paper? Towns’? by? John? Greene.? After? talking? with? her? I? learned? the? book? is? about? two? young? people,? Margo? and? Quentin? who? navigate? through? their? senior? year? in? the? suburbs? of? Orlando,? Florida? in? the? early? 2000’s.? When? exposed? to? a? dead? man? who? has? committed? suicide? in? Jefferson? park,? Margo,? at? 10? years? old? says? â€Å"Maybe? all? the? strings? inside? him? just? broke. †? After? this? moment,? the? two? continually? link? human? emotions? to? acting? as? â€Å"strings†? throughout?the? novel.? In? the? middle? of? the? book? Margo? runs? away? and? the? plot? is? transformed? to? Quentin’s? finding? her? on? a? long? road? trip? with? his? two? best? friends? Ben? and? Radar? and? Ben’s? girlfriend? Lacey.? The? two? create? idealist? views? of? each? other? which? only? by? the? end? is? proven? wrong? by? reality.? In? the? visual,? there? is? a? series? of? 6? maps? showing? the? states? which? are? driven? through? in? the? novel? to? find? Margo,? North? Carolina,? South? Carolina,? Pennsylvania,? New? York,? Virginia,? and? Florida.? Starting? at? the? front? of? the? map? and? ending? at? the? end,? there? is? a? path? which? takes? the? viewers? of? this? visual? through? the? plot? of? the? story.? Also,? there? are? various? quotes? spread? about? the? map? to? support? the? explanation? of? the? plot.? To? begin,? the? trail? starts? at? two? houses,? Margo? and? Quentin’s.? Starting? here,? the? black? tacks? represent? Margo? and? the? white? tacks? show? Quentin.? This? contrast? to? me? exemplifies? a? ying? yang? situation.? Next,? the? string? goes? down? to? four? houses:? Lacey,? Jace,? Becca,? and? Karen’s,? whose? houses? have? a? spraypainted? ‘M’? on? them.? This? ‘M’? symbolizes? Margo’s?  anger? toward? them? because? her? ex? boyfriend? Jace? cheated? on? her? with? Becca? her? best? friend,? and? this? was? kept? a? secret? by? Karen? and? Lacey? her? are? her? close? friends? also.? It? then? leads? down? to? Sea? World? which? they? break? into? and? then? the? path? leads? to? the? sun? tower.? At? the? sun? tower? Margo? says? the? significant? quote? â€Å"All? those? paper? people? living? in? their? paper? houses,? burning? the? future? to? stay? warm.? All? the? paper? kids? drinking? beer? some? bum? bought? for? them? at? the? paper? convenience? store.? Everyone? demented? with? the? mania? of?  owning? things.? All? the? things? paper? thin? and? paper? frail.? All? all? the? people,? too.? I’ve? lived? here? for? eighteen? years? and? I? have? never? once? in? my? life? come? across? anyone? who? cares? about? anything? that? matters. †? After,? the? track? leads? to? two? paper? people? with? Margo? and? Quentin’s? tacks? on? them? suggesting? they? are? too? one? dimensional? paper? people? by? this? point.? Following,? Margo’s? tack? then? moves? into? a? question? mark? when? she? runs? away.? By? this? point? all? Quentin? knows? is? she? is? going? to? a? ‘Paper? Town’.? Quentin’s? tacks? continue? into?  subdivisions? in? Orlando,? Florida? where? he? begins? his? search? with? thoughts? that? by? ‘Paper? Towns’? she? is? referring? to? the? bland? subdivisions? with? nothing? ever? changing? but? does? not? find? her? there.? The? next? tack? is? at? a? barn? where? he? sees? Margo? has? spraypainted? the? words,? â€Å"You? will? go? to? Paper? Towns? and? you? will? never? return. †? There? he? realizes? Paper? Towns? are,? by? literal? definition,? fake? towns? choreographers? put? on? their? maps? to? prevent? plagiarism.? This? leads? him? to? Algoe,? New? York,? (represented? by? the? car? on? the? visual)? where? he?  finds? Margo? in? a? barn.? The? last? part? to? the? visual? is? a? little? booklet? with? ‘expectations,? assumptions? and? idealism’? written? on? the? pages,? illustrating? the? journal? Margo? keeps,? writing? down? all? to? happen? to? her? including? her? idealizations? for? Quentin.? This? points? out? the? moment? when? Quentin? and? Margo? realize? they? had? been? idealizing? one? another? to? be? something? they? are? not? the? whole? time? and? so? they? decide? to? part? ways.? Ultimately? this? visual? is? very? thorough? and? creative? and? illustrates? the? theme? of? the? ideal? person? being? nonexistent.

Driving Teachers Crazy Essay

Teaching is not just earning a buck, it’s a snap. At the beginning of a new school year with high school sophomores, Mr. Finn is working at his desk wondering what the first period is going to be like. While waiting for the bell to ring, most students stand in clusters talking quietly but a few the knock- upstairs are rather loud and boisterous around the room causing a commotion with every group they pass. Not wanting to be overly negative on the first day, Mr. Finn says nothing. By the time the bell rings most of the class has become loud and boisterous. Although, teaching is a snap. Some students make it rather difficulty. When he realizes that his class is going to be immature, he will need to learn self-discipline. He remembers the classroom management suggestion he learned in college. â€Å"Don’t simile until Christmas and be tough on the first day†. Therefore, he commands everyone to sit and get the class started. From the time of role call to the time Mr. Finn is passing out textbooks, and then thought the introductory lesson, several students are loud and sometimes obnoxious, others to the other side of the room are murmuring, swearing and don’t forget the corners someone is snoring. He tells the students to be quieter, but they don’t listen. By the end of the first period he wonders whether his going into teaching might have been a mistake. He wanted to teach and help young learn, but certainly lost he thinks, when you spend your whole day disciplining students rather than teaching them. As routine as it may sound, this is the experience that I go through everyday. Having twenty students a day that are as loud as action is never pleasant. By the time I get home I head to the fridge to get chocolate ice cream not just because I need it, but also because want it. Noise distracts other slow learners as well as teachers. It maybe that this student needs to be noticed and recognized. I have a friend who always shouts to be noticed, being loud seem to enhance her personality, and sometimes to appear tough. It is so irritating when you are reading and  someone shouts loudly keeping you off track. This student need to encouraged repeatedly, she requires redirection and always told to demonstrate mature behavior. Secondly, name-calling is also a common occurrence and very nefarious. It bothers me when a student calls someone a name just to be noticed or for attention. Although there are key problems that lead to this behavior there are key issues behind the scenes. One key major aspect is sexuality, a student may feel that he/she is an outcast or cannot make friends. He/she attracts attention from peers through name-calling. Some classmates are also amused by this behavior – as long as it’s directed toward someone else. Sometimes, a student may have a need for food and drink, and may be covering this need by name-calling. A teacher has to recognize why the student is presenting this behavior in order to be of help. There are things that can be done by the student. A close relationship with someone may reduce this student’s need to call others names. Another irritating behavior is making fun of other’s weakness. People need to belong and respected no matter what their weakness, if this is taken advantage of they might be hurt or discouraged. Last year, I had a friend in my health class, he had a domestic problem and that his parents were divorced. Now that he lived with his mother who couldn’t support him in any way, he thought he could the world it all belonged to him. This friend of mine was real dumb and ill tempered, even though you greeted he thought that he was being insulted. He also had problem with English since his home language is â€Å"French† sometimes he would pronounce words with an accent for example â€Å"wit† instead of â€Å"with†, other students thought that this was weird or even fun and they always made fun of him they even nick-named him â€Å"wit†. As time went by, he suddenly stopped talking. Early in the morning he could sit by the corner and sleep. There are students like my friend who have different weaknesses, it doesn’t mean that they are different although they seem that way. A teacher can help these kids by getting a translator or after school tutoring. A teacher may all own the class to establish rules regarding this behavior. Our goal is to make † making fun of other’s weaknesses† socially unacceptable. School time dozing is another major problem in history of the classroom. In the middle of a discussion, a teacher unexpectedly stops speaking. Everyone stops speaking, nothing is heard except a faint sound from somewhere in the corner. Noise that sound like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.snoring? Suddenly with a loud thwack! The teacher claps a book shut and the snoring culprit is jarred from his sleep, lifting his head up with blear- eyes all ashamed! You would think times have changed. Falling to sleep among today’s teenagers is a common occurrence. Why do the sleep in class? An obvious reason is lack of sleep. IT bugs me when someone is snoring and I am studying or typing. I remember last yeast in my keyboarding class a boy who sat adjacent to me. He slept and snored real loud, that the ceiling could tremble. I could hardly contrite and since this was a keyboarding class that never cared much the rule was â€Å"Do all you can but turn in work on time†. The only possible cure to school time dozing is personating time for activities as well as schoolwork. I conclusion, being a teacher can be tiresome. No matter how routine the day, still teachers get away with it. Teaching is supposed to be a snap as you lock the door, driving by the countryside sing † I t was horrible, but I managed†. Although you spend all day disciplining instead of teaching them.

Freedom and the role of civilization

Freedom and the role of civilization Introduction The concept of freedom represents a kind of a notion that bears similarity to different philosophers’ opinions about an important object that grants people happiness, wealth, and longevity. In its different interpretations, freedom has the characteristics that depict it as an ultimate goal of all investigations that scientists and philosophers would like to perform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom and the role of civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to comprehend the concept of freedom from the sociological perspective, it becomes very important to resort to the highly authoritative points of view such as Marx and Freud’s. These two great writers, philosophers, and sociologists attempted to describe the idea of freedom and its importance to society people live in. For instance, Freud admits that people get used to socialize themselves by means of their determining factors’ recognition and investigations of the ideas which motivate people and make them take certain steps in this life. This is why his ideas and works have a close connection to freedom by means of knowledge that people may gain within some period of time and the emotional challenges that may become as serious obstacles to the way of cognition. As for Marx and Engels’ interpretation of freedom, they believe that freedom lies in the relations between people and the ways of how these people behave in society. In other words, Freud’s isolation and Marx’s communication represent the two different sides of one particular issue, freedom. The achievements demonstrated by Marx and Freud play a significant role in the field of sociology and philosophy indeed; Marx believed in the power of labor and recognized the individual as an integral part of society and Freud, in his turn, tried to prove that people should pay attention to their behavior and thoughts by me ans of knowledge; such different approaches for the concept of freedom may serve as a powerful opportunity that promotes recognition of how people care about freedom and how society accept this freedom. Discussion Basics about freedom and the impact of civilization. The vast majority of people still believe that they have freedom in all aspects of their lives and have the right to choose what to do, wear, say, write, etc. According to the general assumptions and believes, each individual has freedom from his/her birth in case this individual does not break the norms and rules sets. However, certain limitations already appear when we mention the existence of rules and norms. These rules and norms bind human freedom in some way so that people cannot even guess that dependence on their own ideas exists. To comprehend the essence of freedom, many philosophers and writers developed their ideas, share their suggestions, and analyze what could make a person free and, at the same time, sati sfy the demands of society and civilization itself.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ideas of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud provide people with an opportunity to evaluate the concept of freedom and its power in regards to the conditions people live under. Both Marx and Freud’s works deserve certain attention and recognition because their opposite arguments help to create one general picture of how freedom influences human live and interferes the relations between the individual and society. The famous psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud and not less famous political economy by Karl Marx create powerful and clear grounds for people to continue developing the idea of freedom and the relations which happen between a person and society he/she lives in. â€Å"The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilization or against civiliz ation altogether† (Freud 41). This idea shows how Freud defines freedom in terms of the conditions given: he does believe that freedom depends on society and the process of civilization; however, he does not want to believe that civilization can influence human freedom and individuality. He demonstrates the respect to personal knowledge and human abilities to study and grasp the essence, and what he tries to do is to help people comprehend the necessity to become more powerful and freer. Marx, in his turn, underlines that â€Å"the worker is related to the product of his labour as to an alien object† (Marx and Engels 72) so that he unites the idea of freedom and labor into one whole that people cannot divide. Freud about freedom and the role of civilization. Sigmund Freud introduced one of the most powerful and captivating ways of how people could improve their lives and get a clear picture of what they would like to get and could get. His achievements in psychology and the concept of psychoanalysis deserve attention because of several reasons: (1) it helps to change the way people get used to think; (2) it promotes the improvement in language and culture people prefer to use and rely one; and finally, (3) it focuses on all those unconscious drives which influence human activities and demands. To clear up what Freud implied under the concept of freedom and its impact on society, many people try to make use of his Civilization and Its Discontents. This book appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In this work, Freud describes the peculiarities of those tensions that existed between civilization and the individual.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom and the role of civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the first tension, Freud introduced, implied the fact that people strove for freedom all the time (they want to become free and take the actions in accordan ce with their interests and demands) and civilization had a need of conformity and the line of constant repressions. Even if Freud found enough powerful reasons of why civilization developed restrictions and promoted obedience, he could agree with the fact that people needed to follow rules and be limited in actions. For example, Freud uses the idea of freedom as something pure and constant: people can do what they want and when they want. However, civilization makes it possible to create some rules and norms according to which people have to use their freedom and choices. Freedom of thoughts and actions undergo considerable restrictions such as cruel punishment in case one person takes the life of another person, in other words, murder and possible outcomes. According to Freud, people cannot even imagine how the dependence on some outside factors develops: â€Å"there is nothing of which we are more certain than the feeling of our self, of our own ego. This ego appears to us as so mething autonomous and unitary, marked off distinctly from everything else† (Freud 12). Personal ego creates the feeling that maintains certain and sharp lines of human inherent demarcation. As a rule, the process of sublimation promotes human blindness as for personal dependence on norms set. In general, Freud defines the individual as an anti-social being, and society (civilization) has to domesticate this being in order to achieve certain satisfaction, pleasure, and understanding on the biological level at first. â€Å"It is impossible to overlook the extent to which civilization is built up upon a renunciation of instinct†¦ It is not easy to understand how it can become possible to deprive an instinct of satisfaction† (Freud 42-43). The use of drives makes it possible for the individual to grasp the basics of civilized behavior by means of sublimation and all those suppressed drives that become striving for this person. So, as a result of this suppression, the relations between the individual and society change: even if the person thinks he/she rests the same with the same demands which society has already imposed, his natural (biological) drives become social (suppressed) ones. Marx and Engels about restrictions placed by civilization. The ideas Marx and Engels presented in their work Capital also played an important role in understanding of the concept of freedom and its relation to the individual and society. In comparison to Freud, Marx believed that freedom should take place in society when people began communicating and achieving some common goals together. In the third chapter, the authors properly underline its essence that â€Å"actually begins only where labour which is determined by necessity and mundane considerations ceases; thus in the very nature of things it lies beyond the sphere of actual material production† (Marx and Engels 441). They formulated this concept at the end of the 19th century, when the vast majority of people could imagine another world except the one they lived in.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx wanted to explain that people should not accept the idea of freedom as some kind of general notion that had no boundaries and restrictions. He conceived that freedom has several degrees because none moral (ethical) perspectives become crucial but political economy that requires particular levels, grades, and stages. Only a socialized person can have freedom together with numerous associated producers that have to regulate and control all interchanges by Nature but not vice versa. It appears that Marx and Engels supported the idea of civilization and its impact on human freedoms and actions: people cannot take a step in case it contradicts some initial instructions that civilization tries to implement. In the chapter IV of Capital, Marx introduces the idea of surplus value that also helps to define the true essence of human freedom and liberty. On the one hand, the idea to compare human freedoms with trade and political economy seems rather absurd and unclear. However, on the ot her hand, such spheres as politics and economics may also help to gain deep understanding of the concept of freedom and realize that even trade relations between people deprive them of the opportunity independently make decisions and live in accordance with personal demands. In the chapter VI of Capital, Marx continues developing the idea of surplus value and explains that freedom influences the development of buyer-seller relations and promotes activities by means of their free will. Marx’s attention to the real of necessity and real of freedom plays an important role when people start analyzing the world of economics to the world of personal freedoms and demands. People cannot always follow their dreams without breaking some rules civilization establishes. Because of such inability to combine personal freedoms and duties, Marx suggests people should pay more attention to the real of necessity in order to decrease time and human energy and to increase the level of human acti vities that people prefer to end independently. At the end of his investigations and analysis, Marx agrees that civilization has an impact on liberty, and the relations between the individual and society have to undergo some changes because economical influence remains considerable whatever conditions exist. Evaluation of Freud and Marx’s opinions. When people start thinking about the semi free society they expect to live in, the vast majority of them cannot comprehend why Marx chooses such a negative position and deprive people of the opportunity to become free and overcome challenges society creates. In comparison to Marx, Freud suggests accepting freedom as an illusion so that people do not have responsibility for anything. Some unknown forces such as ID ego, super ego, and alter ego have a control over human powers and demands, and people cannot gain control over them. When these two philosophers faced the idea of freedom and civilization, they had to take into account th e idea of disintegration or determination on both psychological and economical level. One of them says â€Å"Man (the worker) no longer feels himself to be freely active in any but his animal functions – eating, drinking, procreating, or at most in his dwelling and in dressing-up, etc; and in his human functions he no longer feels himself to be anything but an animal.† (Marx and Engels 74) Such attitude to people and their role in society appears abusive for many people who cannot accept the idea that their animal instincts have to perform the leading role, and their human demands and interests cannot influence their actions and thoughts. From his words, the idea of liberty becomes not only an illusion for people but also the determination of the belonging to animals those people truly believe to handle. In response to Marx’s definite cognition of human freedom and place, Freud exclaims that â€Å"The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilization. It was greatest before there was any civilization, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it.† (Freud 49) Within a short period, it becomes difficult to realize why such different attitudes to freedom and human dependence on civilization interest people in the same sphere. Marx’s approach deprives people of any opportunity to believe in personal dignity and the possibility to get freedom, and Freud admits that only gained deep knowledge may show the way to independence and freedom. The idea to make freedom available seems distant and even incomprehensible, and people have to pass a number of stages to prove their right to get freedom and make use of their independence gained. Conclusion In general, the evaluation of the concept of freedom plays a crucial role in the life of every person. The works of Freud and Marx help to comprehend that among the variety of attitudes to freedom and the individual role in civilization, people have to demonstrate their strong will and desire to achieve liberty by various means. Thought some problems and challenges appear on people’s way to cognition of this concept, people should lose hope to gain proper knowledge of this idea. Freud’s ideas of freedom influence some psychological aspects of life and explain that people do not have freedom due to alter and super egos. Marx denies all kind of freedom because his ideas prove that the individual and civilization come together, and civilization has already created a number of rules and limitations. In spite of differences of these two philosophers’ opinions, it becomes easier to define the essence of freedom in human life and the ideas of how this freedom influences human perception of their role in this world. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engles. The Marx-Engels Reader . Ed. Robert Tucker. Second Edition ed. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 1978. Sigmund Freud. Ci vilizations and Its Discontents. Ed. Peter Gay and James Strachey. Standard Edition ed. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 1961.

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses After reading the article on Subordination With Adjective Clauses, review the guidelines below and then complete the punctuation exercise that follows. Guidelines for Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three guidelines should help you decide when to set off an adjective clause (also called a relative clause) with commas: Adjective clauses beginning with that are never set off from the main clause with commas. Food that has turned green in the refrigerator should be thrown away. Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should not be set off with commas if omitting the clause would change the basic meaning of the sentence. Students who turn green should be sent to the infirmary. Because we dont mean that all students should be sent to the infirmary, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For this reason, we dont set off the adjective clause with commas.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should be set off with commas if omitting the clause would not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Last weeks pudding, which has turned green in the refrigerator, should be thrown away. Here the which clause provides added but not essential information, and so we set it off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the following sentences, add commas to set off adjective clauses that provide additional, but not essential, information. Dont add commas if the adjective clause affects the basic meaning of the sentence. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. Caramel de Lites which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts contain 70 calories each.These are the times that try mens souls.I refuse to live in any house that Jack built.I left my son at the campus day-care center which is available to all full-time students with young children.Students who have young children are invited to use the free day-care center.A physician who smokes and overeats has no right to criticize the personal habits of her patients.Gus who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed has been exiled to the storm cellar for a week.Professor Legree lost his only umbrella which he has owned for 20 years.Healthy people who refuse to work should not be given government assistance.Felix who was once a hunter in the Yukon stunned the roach with one blow from a newspaper. Answers to Adjective Clauses Questions Caramel de Lites, which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts, contain . . ..(no commas)(no commas)Â  . . . day-care center, which is available to all full-time students with young children.(no commas)(no commas)Gus, who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed, has . . ... . . umbrella, which he has owned for 20 years.(no commas)Felix, who was once a hunter in the Yukon, stunned . . ..

Sociology Theories of Deviance and Deviant Behavior

Sociology Theories of Deviance and Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior is any behavior that is contrary to the dominant norms of society. There are many different theories that explain  how behavior comes to be classified as deviant and why people engage in it, including biological explanations, psychological explanations, and sociological explanations. Here, we review four of the major sociological explanations for deviant behavior. Structural Strain Theory American sociologist  Robert K. Merton developed structural strain theory as an extension of the functionalist perspective on deviance. This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals. According to this theory, societies are composed of both culture and social structure. Culture establishes goals for people in society while social structure provides (or fails to provide) the means for people to achieve those goals. In a well-integrated society, people use accepted and appropriate means to achieve the goals that society establishes. In this case, the goals and the means of the society are in balance. It is when the goals and means are not in balance with each other that deviance is likely to occur. This imbalance between cultural goals and structurally available means can actually encourage deviance. Labeling Theory Labeling theory is one of the most important approaches to understanding deviant and criminal behavior within sociology. It begins with the assumption that no act is intrinsically criminal. Instead, definitions of criminality are established by those in power through the formulation of laws and the interpretation of those laws by police, courts, and correctional institutions. Deviance is therefore not a set of characteristics of individuals or groups, but rather a process of interaction between deviants and non-deviants and the context in which criminality is defined. Those who represent forces of law and order and those who enforce the boundaries of proper behavior, such as the police, court officials, experts, and school authorities, provide the main source of labeling. By applying labels to people, and in the process creating categories of deviance, these people reinforce the power structure and hierarchies of society. Typically it is those who hold more power over others, on the basis of race, class, gender, or overall social status, who impose rules and labels on others in society. Social Control Theory Social control theory, developed by Travis Hirschi, is a type of functionalist theory that suggests deviance occurs when a person’s or group’s attachment to social bonds is weakened. According to this view, people care about what others think of them and conform to social expectations because of their attachments to others and what others expect of them. Socialization is important in producing conformity to social rules, and it is when this conformity is broken that deviance occurs. Social control theory focuses on how deviants are attached, or not, to common value systems and what situations break people’s commitment to these values. This theory also suggests that most people probably feel some impulse toward deviant behavior at some time, but their attachment to social norms prevents them from actually participating in deviant behavior.​ Theory of Differential Association The theory of differential association is a learning theory that focuses on the processes by which individuals come to commit deviant or criminal acts. According to the theory, created by Edwin H. Sutherland, criminal behavior is learned through interactions with other people. Through this interaction and communication, people learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. Differential association theory emphasizes the interaction people have with their peers and others in their environment. Those who associate with delinquents, deviants, or criminals learn to value deviance. The greater the frequency, duration, and intensity of their immersion in deviant environments, the more likely it is that they will become deviant. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Strategic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic analysis - Essay Example Sony has used the following 5 successful methods in managing its strategies. 1. Customer satisfaction Planning also entails knowledge of customer’s lifestyle. Lifestyle is important when designing the type of products to sell to consumers in different regions. Sony uses different measures in ensuring all customers receive quality products and services through Voice of Customer (VOC), Customer Satisfaction (CSAT), and Net Promoter Score (NPS) methods. The processes range from communicating to the prospective markets about the services offered and getting the target customer interested, approaching them and presenting on what the business offers, answering questions and handling customer objections, making sales and providing after sale service. Organizations need to understand the importance of measuring customer satisfaction for ever activity in by considering both the internal and external customers. The customer satisfaction strategy has enabled Sony become one of the most e lectronic competitive company globally by winning a lot of consumers. 2. Analyzing the competitors Sony Corporation faces stiff competition from other major companies in the same industry. The company management has introduced new approaches of analyzing their competitors through implementing various strategies like competitive strategy, and innovation strategy. By learning from their competitors, Sony Corporation has introduced new ideas that aid in market entry and more customer attraction. 3. Creativity The marketing design is highly essential in an organization since it is the fundamental to successful implementation of strategies and achievement of objectives. Multinational business analysis, on the other hand, outlines the potentiality of the business to gain from the market participation. The analysis incorporates strategic levers such as marketing, location and product, and organization analysis such as culture, people, management and structure. Sony becomes creativity by in troducing new products in the market that competitors have never thought of introducing. For instance, Sony Corporation introduced the first plasma TV into the market, Bravia that attracted the attention of many customers (Shin, 2003). 4. Keeping detailed records Sony finance and accounting departments ensure that the company maintains all the crucial information regarding every transaction taking place. A successful business must keep all its records in a secure place for future references. Maintenance of company records gives an organization time to create business strategies that assist in overcoming obstacles that hinder the success of an organization (Constanzo & MacKay, 2008). Record keeping occurs through updated financial statements and accounting details. 5. Consistency Sony Corporation ensures consistence in all its operations. All businesses need to know their target targets behavior and buying attitudes and needs while formulating their analysis strategies. Organizationa l strategy analysis assists in determining what exactly the customers expect to get when they purchase goods or services. It is easier to satisfy and delight customers when their true and perceived needs are known than when they are unknown. In achieving the above, good, competitive, innovation and value chain strategies developed aim at achieving the set goals and missions. A big organization like Sony should implement

The Freedom of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Freedom of Education - Essay Example Foucault calls this concept of mental change â€Å"panopticism†. The main key to this concept is to build a mechanism which would be able to suppress and control people’s minds and thoughts in order to make all we feel happy. As a result of this concept, social institutions, such as schools, prisons, and hospitals, were created. In an essay called â€Å"The â€Å"Banking† Concept of Education† by Paulo Freire, the idea of â€Å"panopticism† is intruding into an educational process, where children are treated and educated as â€Å"robots†, where the independent way of thinking is totally prohibited. In an ancient world, people were always thinking about the perfectly governed city which they called Utopia. This city of state could be primitive and simple but at the same time one of perfect happiness and fulfillment. Today a perception of a perfect governed city was slightly changed. Michel Foucault, who was one of the world’s leading intellectuals, gives us his own point of view regarding a definition of Utopia. In order to make this world more positive and decent, â€Å"some bunch of people† should build a machine that would control and even change people’s ways of thinking, and once this creation is built, the evolution of thoughts completely depend on it (Foucault, M 210-213). According to Bentham’s point of view, that machine would be a perfect key to manipulating the educational training of people. He calls this creature Panopticon, which is the architectural figure, the purpose of which is to observe and control people from the side (Bentham 213-214). The main point of this structure is that the inmate must never know whether he is being looked at during any one moment, but he must be sure that he may always be so (Foucault 215). This perfect concept of control gives the opportunity to create a society where there are no crimes, violence, or child abuse; where all people are happy and love each other.  

Employees Compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employees Compensation - Essay Example The success of an organization basically depends on the employees using their full skills and knowledge in their production, therefore these employees require motivation, this motivation can be done indifferent ways and by different things. The employee Motivation normally involves, the compensation system which is the activity of giving the employees what they really want most from work, it therefore makes the manager get his expectations from the employees, this expectations may include, production of quality goods and services. Motivation will enable the employees to have their goals in the organization achieved; they will have a positive perspective on their position in the organization. Motivation also creates the influence to change and build employees self-esteem and capacity to work. The managers have the responsibility of motivating workers, when the organizational structure is experiencing changes, the manager should come up with a plan that will define the environmental fa ctors that will be able to bring an atmosphere of integrity, honesty, and confidence to the employees. Under this, the managers' plan should consider the factors that motivate his employees; this will involve the determination of the important factors to the employee in his working life, and how they relate to his productivity. He should also find out what motivates the employees in their work, this is a situation where, we find most employees wanting a privileged compensation, an enhanced working environment, and flexible benefits from the amount of work that they do. This can be done by, asking them during performance assessment, attitude inspection, and can also be retrieved from informal discussion on what they want most from their jobs. On the other hand, he should also spot the de-motivating factors of the organization to the employees; these factors may be physical factors which include buildings or equipment or psychological factors such as monotony, injustice, barriers to p romotion and lack of appreciation. 2 Since most workers claim to be working for money, and that their extreme benefit is encouragement; under this, money is regarded to be a low motivator, and that it is only a short time motivator, after a rise is given to the employees salary, so the manager should be aware that benefits given after a particular performance rarely motivate the employees to use their potential effectively, most of the employees say that the benefits are only used to motivate the new employees in the organization but not the existing ones. Therefore, poor motivation may lead to a change in the organizations' performance; therefore the manager should adopt a policy for managing changes within the organization. The introduction of this change should be motivating to the employees since it can be used as an entry to achievement. To achieve a positive change in an organization, the manager should not tell or instruct the employees, this wont help but it only creates ignorance to the doubts and expectations of the employees, therefore one should carry out discussions, through which the sharing of a particular problem will help in the management to come up with better actions in dealing with the issues that are predicted to affect the productivity of the firm, due to the shared ideas and decision making

California's Drought Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

California's Drought - Research Paper Example As indicated by the U.S. Drought Monitor report, in July of 2014 more than a half of California was in the state of "extraordinary" drought- the highest point on a five-level scale. The year 2014 was the first year when this territory has seen such extraordinary level of drought, as a larger part of a land undergone serious harm due to drought, and the indicators became more and more - "extreme" and "exceptional." Some meteorological stations, such as Central Valley, marked this period the driest in the history of observations. The drought in California resulted in serious changes of the water supply– the state has depleted its reservoirs in the quantity equal to the annual, and dampness in California`s topsoil and subsoil has about been exhausted. Nevertheless, scientists claim that for California climate this is not a complete novelty, and serious droughts have always been a part of the state history. Gradual climate changes on the planet, lack of precipitation, and the geog raphical position of the state have become the major causes of California`s droughts. That is why the government must get ready for the return of severe droughts and use new technologies to prevent such a serious harm to the territory. The effect of California`s drought was devastating for agriculture and resulted in serious economic and social problems. It is estimated that the net revenue loss connected with the drought for agriculture was about 3%, while the total cost in dollars equaled $2.2 billion. Moreover, the drought also had the effect on the level of unemployment in a state and resulted in the loss of more than 17.000 working places with significant part of them being in the farming sector. Agriculture was hit the most nevertheless: around 5% of the irrigated land was considered out of production at the same time with the loss of $800 million of crop revenue. The livestock losses were also impressive: more than $203 million was calculated in revenue loss. Thus, serious economic consequences have become the result of poor planning and the absence of preliminary measures despite the history of droughts (Drought Impact Study, 2014).

Problems Of The Beginning Writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problems Of The Beginning Writer - Essay Example Writing about my anger did not offer enough time for my learning because I would not have enough time to express ideas. There was no one who would come by to support my desire to develop. This environment meant that my literacy skills failed to develop because the family condition denied me the opportunity I needed to develop them through experience with books and through correction. I discovered the importance of these skills in my life but it was unfortunate that I had no place or tools to facilitate the development competence in the language. In my young adulthood, I started to develop my language literacy skills but many times, I faced numerous challenges from my foster parents. At that age, it was very unfortunate that I lacked the vocabulary to construct sentences. I discovered that I had a hard time to make meaningful sentences regardless of the effort I put to write about my anger and the experiences I underwent at home. This issue exposed my limited skills in language litera cy because it was evident enough that I struggled to combine vocabularies to make sentences and combining them to form a good paragraph. This situation was discouraging to me but I had to do it regularly so that I could establish my competence in language and grow to be a good reader and writer later in my life. Later on, I would try to advance my writing skills through writing about the things in my family that angered me and in that way, I was able to relieve myself of the disappointment I experienced.... I discovered the importance of these skills in my life but it was unfortunate that I had no place or tools to facilitate the development competence in language. In my young adulthood, I started to develop my language literacy skills but many times, I faced numerous challenges from my foster parents. At that age, it was very unfortunate that I lacked vocabulary to construct sentences. I discovered that I had a hard time to make meaningful sentences regardless of the effort I put to write about my anger and the experiences I underwent at home. This issue exposed my limited skills in language literacy because it was evident enough that I struggled to combine vocabularies to make sentences and combining them to form a good paragraph. This situation was discouraging to me but I had to do it regularly so that I could establish my competence in language and grow to be a good reader and writer later in my life. As a student in college, I have discovered the importance of reading because I ha ve many volumes that I need to go through to achieve what I need to attain a degree. Through this experience, I discover how much I need to have the skills to avoid the negative impact of their lack on my performance while in college. I also discovered that my writing skills are below the average for a college student but, instead of getting discouraged by this, I feel motivated to develop them so that I can achieve my dream of authoring a book about my life dedicated to all women. Although I have put substantial effort, I have determined that my writing skills are not up to standard and therefore, I continue to develop my skills in reading and writing, to grow in vocabulary. My encounters as a child undermined my attempt to learn and

California's Drought Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

California's Drought - Research Paper Example As indicated by the U.S. Drought Monitor report, in July of 2014 more than a half of California was in the state of "extraordinary" drought- the highest point on a five-level scale. The year 2014 was the first year when this territory has seen such extraordinary level of drought, as a larger part of a land undergone serious harm due to drought, and the indicators became more and more - "extreme" and "exceptional." Some meteorological stations, such as Central Valley, marked this period the driest in the history of observations. The drought in California resulted in serious changes of the water supply– the state has depleted its reservoirs in the quantity equal to the annual, and dampness in California`s topsoil and subsoil has about been exhausted. Nevertheless, scientists claim that for California climate this is not a complete novelty, and serious droughts have always been a part of the state history. Gradual climate changes on the planet, lack of precipitation, and the geog raphical position of the state have become the major causes of California`s droughts. That is why the government must get ready for the return of severe droughts and use new technologies to prevent such a serious harm to the territory. The effect of California`s drought was devastating for agriculture and resulted in serious economic and social problems. It is estimated that the net revenue loss connected with the drought for agriculture was about 3%, while the total cost in dollars equaled $2.2 billion. Moreover, the drought also had the effect on the level of unemployment in a state and resulted in the loss of more than 17.000 working places with significant part of them being in the farming sector. Agriculture was hit the most nevertheless: around 5% of the irrigated land was considered out of production at the same time with the loss of $800 million of crop revenue. The livestock losses were also impressive: more than $203 million was calculated in revenue loss. Thus, serious economic consequences have become the result of poor planning and the absence of preliminary measures despite the history of droughts (Drought Impact Study, 2014).

Stress Management to Human Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Stress Management to Human Relations - Essay Example Arnold, Cooper & Robertson (1995) stated that a stress can be defines as a person's response to a disturbance and is any force that pushes a psychological or physical factor beyond its range if stability, producing a strain with the individual. It is likely to occur constitute a threat to the individual and a threat can cause a strain because of what it signifies to the person. Selye (1979) stated that job stress refers to the non-specific response of the body to any demands made upon it.. It is regarded to be an inner state or response to anything we consciously or unconsciously comprehend as a threat, either actual or reckoned (Clarke & Watson, 1991). While Robbins (2001) defines stress as an active condition in which the individual is faced with a chance, restraint, or demand linked to what he/she wants and for which the effect is apparent to be both tentative and vital. Stress at work is a comparatively new experience of modern lifestyles. With change, be it in working environment or change of cadre etc, comes stress and most certainly Professional stress or job stress presents a risk to physical health. Work linked stress in the life of controlled workers, subsequently, strikes the health of organizations. Actually Job stress is a chronic disease as a result of conditions in the workplace that adversely affect an individual's performance and/or on the whole well-being of his body and mind. A host of physical and mental illnesses attests job stress. Sometimes job stress can be crippling. In chronic cases a consultation with a psychiatric becomes necessaryt to validate the reason and degree of work related stress. According to Dr Bernard Lim, president of the Singapore Psychological Society (SPS), "Stress is part and parcel of life. In fact, without some stress at the workplace, we would not strive to meet deadlines or archieve production targets. Instead, one should look for alternatives to handle it. Resignation is only a last resort."On the reverse, there must be control in stress degrees since too much of it can be negative to one's physical as well as mental well-being. Dr. Lim also warned that "Excessive stress at the workplace can lead to increased blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, migraines, gastrointestinal disorders and emotional upheavals like anger, anxiety, depression and low esteem." Stress at Singapore: Similar to other industrialised countries, Singapore has to deal with a lot of major labour related challenges. The strong globalisation and fast technological development which is increasing day by day in the knowledge society has resulted in fast alteration in the Singapore economy and the labour market (A Turning Point, 2003). In reality, the entire employment landscape of the Republic is changing. Ho (2004) argued that Singapore's employment landscape is increasingly characterised by greater instability and more frequent job displacements. Furthermore, the fierce competition from overseas and an unstable domestic job market have brought in new challenges and demands on the workers of Singapore. These workers are required to realign attitudes and expectations by taking on latest attitudes of flexibility when searching for job opportunities (Ho, 2004; Aggarwal & Seet, 2005). Thus, retraining and lifelong learning have become a

Act 3 Scene 5 dramatic in romeo and juliet Essay Example for Free

Act 3 Scene 5 dramatic in romeo and juliet Essay The play Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona, Italy, in the 1600s. During this time violence and rivalry had been common around rival families; fighting and feuding because of their differences. Discipline was an issue in a household. Rules and regulations were to be obeyed and if one chose to break the authority, their sins would have to be confessed to the church. Religion was very important to a catholic family. Going to church and praying was an obligation. Parents had a strict conduct at the time. Weddings were arranged usually by the father of the household; mainly choosing a wealthy man to suit his daughter. Most children from rich and influential families were cared for by a Wet Nurse; normally a lady who had lost a child previously so she would care for another child as if it were her own. As Juliet grew up her wet nurse became a very important figure in her life. William Shakespeare creates tension when Capulet sends Lady Capulet to Juliets room to tell her of the marriage they have planned for her. The audience knows that Romeo and Juliet are married and actually in bed together. The audience wonders if the lovers will get caught. As Romeo and Juliet are lying together in Juliets chamber they discuss whether it is morning or night. It is not yet near day: it was the nightingale, and not the lark. Juliet is pretending that it is not morning, all the while Lady Capulet is on the way to her room. Juliets nurse breaks the atmosphere of tension when she warns that Lady Capulet is approaching the room. Your lady mother is coming to your chamber, the day is broke, be wary, look about. Romeo escaped out through the window just in time. Farewell farewell, one kiss and Ill descend When Lady Capulet enters Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to cause confusion and misunderstanding between Juliet and her mother. Indeed I shall never be satisfied with Romeo, till I behold him- dead. Lady Capulet believes Juliet wants Romeo dead, however the audience is aware of the truth; Juliets heart is dead without Romeo. When Capulet enters he speaks kindly to Juliet at first but becomes insulting and violent. Shakespeare is the master of the Elizabethan insult. This makes the scene extremely dramatic for the audience. Capulet threatens Juliet hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch, I tell thee what, get thee to church a Thursday, or never after look me in the face. Juliets father is confused at how his daughter isnt thankful for the marriage arrangement he has made for her and takes it personally which makes him react unsympathetically. Lady Capulet stands back and watches, not wanting to help her daughter from unrestrained fathers anger. Juliet pleads with her mother to call the wedding off but she refuses to interfere. Talk not to me for Ill not speak a word, do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. The audience would feel pity for Juliet, as a parent deserting their child is a very dramatic statement. The nurse is aware of Juliets grief and hopelessness and she suggests that Juliet marries Paris even though this will be bigamy. I think it best you married with the county, o hes a lovely gentlemen. Juliet is discomforted at her nurses proposal so she goes to see Friar Laurence to see if there is anything he could do to stop herself from marrying Paris. Juliet then states that if this fails she will kill herself. Ill to friar to know his remedy, if all else fail, myself have power to die this is a self-fulfilling prophecy, which the audience will understand because it was mentioned in the prologue. The fact that the audience knows that the star-crossed lovers will die creates a dramatic atmosphere. Shakespeare makes act 3 scene 5 dramatic through the use of many techniques viz: dramatic irony; the creation of suspense; the use of insults and the prophetic prologue. All of this would have ensured that an Elizabethan theatre audience were sat on the edge of their seats throughout the dramatic and exciting performance. Of this, Shakespeares most famous tragedy.

A Look At Aboriginal Spirituality Religion Essay

A Look At Aboriginal Spirituality Religion Essay There remains a continuing effect of dispossession on Aboriginal spirituality in relation to the stolen generations. Aboriginal spirituality is based on the encompassment of the Dreaming, the inextricable link with the land, totems and sacred sites and involves ceremonies, story-telling, kinship roles and responsibilities and a strong sense of cultural identity. The stolen generations involved children being forcibly removed from their families and communities and put into institutionalised missions and camps run by both the state government and the Christian Church. It was the cause of dispossession that involved colonisation, missionisation, segregation, assimilation and self-determination policies which significantly impacted Aboriginal spirituality; past, present and future. These were deliberate, calculated policies of the state and are evident in the first YouTube video, Rabbit Proof Fence Stolen Generations (March 24, 2009), where the white official points to the authorisatio n paper, this is the law, and physically removes the three native Aboriginal girls from their mother showing signs of inhumane brutality. Through these policies, Aboriginal land, spirituality, culture and Dreaming were lost. This, along with the crying scenes in video two, Rabbit Proof Fence Documentary forced removal scene (March 1, 2007), shows the emotional impact that it had on the actors as well as on all the victims of the Stolen Generation. This video depicts the traumatic psychological effects the stolen generation era had on the actors themselves, who emotionally broke down into tears having to act in these roles. This illustrates how the loss of family and spiritual ties caused such devastation. This disconnection from the families, communities and thus, from the elders resulted in the inability to pass down necessary knowledge to the next generation that is needed to keep Aboriginal spirituality holistic, living and dynamic as there is a strong need for oral teaching and learning. In summation, such dispossession, violent and physical removal of native Aboriginal children from their parents demolished Aboriginal spirituality since the Dreaming, kinship roles and responsibilities, cultural identity, heritage, language and traditions were lost with disconnection from their elder generations. This drove modern Aboriginals to overwhelming social and emotional problems. The relationship between Aboriginal spirituality and religious traditions require the process of reconciliation. There is a strong need for reconciliation between Aboriginal spirituality and Christians due to the initial contact between the two; full of racism, classism, oppression, inequality, injustice, hate, fear and division. Aboriginal people were forced and threatened violently to forget their Aboriginal culture, traditions and language. Instead they forcibly were made to integrate into nominal Christianity attending Church services, Sunday school and singing hymns. Western Christianity had a negative impact where falsehoods and heresies were taught to Aboriginal people, for example, The Hamitic Curse, condemning all dark-skinned humans to eternal inferiority. These falsehoods had such an immense impact that most Aboriginals voluntarily denied their Aboriginal heritage, identity, culture, traditions and language because they were forced to believe in the falsehoods and were con cerned with their personal sins rather than the institutionalised sin conducted against them. The awareness that these negative experiences were immoral was the catalyst for the process of reconciliation. A step towards hope for Aboriginal victims to restore their spirituality can be seen in the source, taken from the Lutheran Church of Australia. Aboriginal artwork in the form of a circle is positioned in the centre of the cross to illustrate the continuous existence of Aboriginal spirituality in the heart of those who converted to Lutheranism. If reconciliation is achieved, the future encompasses more hope for these victims. The source is an expression of Aboriginal theology which is the reconciled relationship between Aboriginal spirituality and modern Christianity. The sun rays in the image symbolises the cross significance and how it permeates throughout Aboriginal spirituality and emphasises the need of reconciliation. The symbol of symmetry epitomises the reconciled coexistence of the two religions and the hope for continuous reconciliation. There are some Aboriginal theologians that are part of the liberal tradition. Rev. Dijimiyini Gordarra and Pastor Cecil Grant from Churches of Christ individually helped reconcile Aboriginal spirituality with the Uniting Church in 1970 by contextualising the gospel for Aboriginal people. In 1985, Rev. Arthur Malcolm, the first Aboriginal Anglican Assistant Bishop in Australia was deeply committed to reconciliation and thus, counselled and nurtured Aboriginal people throughout their painful experiences, hopes and visions. The Catholic Church attempted acts of rec onciliation when Pope John Paul II visited Alice Springs in 1986 and stated There is the need for just and proper settlement that lies unachieved in Australia. Aboriginal story-telling theology is another pathway to allow Aboriginal victims to remember their Aboriginal spirituality as well as embrace their Christianity. In this way, Aboriginal people reconcile their heritage with their Christianity as they are taught Biblical scriptures through Dreaming Stories which makes the gospels more meaningful and relevant to the Aboriginal way of life. The reconciliation and unity between Christianity and Aboriginal spirituality can be seen in the source where the cross is made using traditional Aboriginal witchetty grubs. There have been many other movements towards reconciliation. The Uniting Church and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Christian Congress organised an exchange program called About Face, where 150 non-Indigenous people aged from 18 to 30 lived in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. As a sign of reconciliation, a friendship was built when Aboriginal Pastor Ricky Manton and his wife Kayleen were invited to St. Augustines Anglican Church to perform a service. Leaders from many religious traditions gathered in order to fight against Howard Governments attack on the Wik legislation. Other religious traditions, like Judaism and Islam, have assisted in the reconciliation process. A Jewish couple, Tom and Eva Rona, funded the Rona-Tranby project that recorded oral history with the help of Aboriginal Elder Eliza Kennedy. The Muslim community in Australia is most supportive of Aboriginal reconciliation on spiritual, moral, humanitarian and prudential pragmatic ground is a claim of Islamic assistance in the process of reconciliation. Many faiths like Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism have also assisted in the process of reconciliation. This is evident in The Week of Prayer For Reconciliation that began in 1993 where they shared the same goal of reconciliation exhibited through dedication to prayer, thought and reflection on acts of unity. In conclusion, there have been many efforts to encourage the process of reconciliation between Aboriginal spirituality and religious traditions and there needs to be continuous support in this subject. The symmetrical elements in the artwork, sourced from the Lutheran Church of Australia, are powerful examples of how artwork has symbolised the co-existence of both traditions. Steps towards reconciliation in the form of proactive movements also provide hope for the victims who had suffered the horrendous effects of spiritual deprivation. Ecumenical developments and interfaith dialogue are of immense significance in Australia. Ecumenical developments are movements that promote cooperation, discussion and unity between different Christian denominations, focusing on what brings sects together, rather than what pulls them apart. Such movements are important to Australia as different Christian denominations unite to solve Australian youth, spiritual, environmental, social and justice issues, spreading peace and harmony. Interfaith dialogue is the cooperative communication between different religious traditions and their adherents. These promoted understanding, peace and a strong sense of belonging between many religious traditions. Non-denominational approach is a method of ecumenical development where it focuses on ignoring differences between different Christian denominations. Such movements can be of great importance to Australia. For example, the Australian college of Theology (ACT) strengthens Australias education system. ACT began in 1898 when Anglicans within Australia gathered resources to produce tertiary courses and exams at every Anglican college. It was linked to universities across Australia and was credited by the NSW Higher Education Board. It became non-denominational when there was more non-Anglican than Anglican students. It was a strong organisation due to the ecumenical movement which increased its efficiency and offered a common program amongst people. Other examples of a non-denominational approach towards ecumenical developments include youth associations such as Girls Brigade and Young Mens Christian Association. Such organisations builds trust between the different denominations involve d. This trust would result in a community that is based on trust, kindness and friendship, creating a stronger witness to the community. Ecumenical developments, in the form of interdenominational approaches, are increasingly evident and significant in Australian culture. Such approaches are those that are collaborative and the goal is to provide opportunities for negotiation between different Christian denominations. This is important to Australia as it creates a sense of unity, belonging, commonality and acceptance on many levels. It begins when Christians from different denominations interact with each other and, hence, leading to communal discussion. An example of this is the annual Week of Prayer for Christian Unity and Reconciliation. This is conducted with a united goal to reach a state of complete reconciliation, relieving many denominations from tension, violence and unnecessary conflict. Many denominations hope for denominational dialogue to act as a facilitator to develop new relationships by exchanging ministers to perform services. Such exchanges are known as pulpit exchanges. Christmas Bowl Appeal, Force TEN and the House of Welcome are other instances of ecumenical movements where many denominations unite to build fundraising programs. These assist Australia by providing it with a positive reputation in charitable work, These projects show how the kindness of Australians can make a practical difference in the lives of people very far from our shores Some of these projects, like House of Welcome, are vital in Australia as they support refugees that have been newly released in Australia by providing them with accommodation and employment. Through these charitable organisations, different denominations bond together and form strong relationships. Ecumenism is important in Australia at a family level. It promotes family through interchurch marriages. This is seen when both the Catholic and Uniting Church composed an agreement on interchurch marriages as a gift to the church. Ecumenism is also helpful in reducing duplication of material, which in turn increases efficiency. This is seen in The Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC), where the Catholic and Anglicans prepared doctrine works on common beliefs of the faith. In 2001, the Catholic and Protestant churches united in Australia for the National Church Life Survey where 500,000 adherents from 20 different denominations actively participated in. Such union encourages tolerance and reduces aggression and violence. It in the larger scheme of things reduces racial and spiritual discrimination and attack. Australia is a multicultural and multifaith country and, hence, would benefit from embracing unity of different denominations within Christianity. Deeper ecumenical developments are those that embrace differences. With these movements, comes appreciation and recognition of uniqueness in order to enrich the relationship and focus on commonalities, like the common belief in one supreme God. The deepest level of ecumenism involves overcoming differences and primarily aiming for unity between different denominations. These achievements ultimately bring social justice, peace, harmony and understanding in Australia. The common need and view of religion around the world has resulted to an increase in the search for cooperation and unity since 1945 in Australia. Interfaith dialogue is even more important than ecumenism since the people uniting are separated by greater differences. Since WWII, interfaith dialogue has allowed Australia as a whole to change its attitude towards other religious traditions other than Christianity. It has allowed Christianity and its adherents to recognise their faults and mistreatment against other religious traditions errors at best and works of devils at worst. Interfaith dialogue assists in opening interaction between different people and maintains a multicultural Australian society. It also builds harmony in Australian context as it aims to achieve common goals between religious groups. Interfaith dialogue also addresses division, concern and any ongoing religious conflict such as the Cronulla Riots. It supports and embraces differences. Interfaith dialogue depicts the desire of Australias religious traditions to engage with each other and with the world as it is extremely important to do so in the 21st century. There is strong evidence of interfaith dialogue in Australia and this has been depicted in acts of cooperation between religious traditions in Australia. In 2001, Anzac Day, Christian ministers and Buddhist monks both took part in the services at St. Marys Cathedral. This encouraged unity among Australians as they honoured soldiers in the heart of Sydneys CBD. The Victorian Jewish-Christian Dialogue Committee, The Muslim-Christian Council which together prayed for peace in Ambon, Indonesia and the Multifaith Religious Services Centre which ran at the Sydney Olympics are other examples of interfaith dialogue. Leaders of Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and other communities together assisted with the $2 million Griffith University Multi-faith Centre showing how unity expresses great strengths and benefits to the Australian community. It brought peace in Sydney 2001, after the terrorist attack, where Muslim, Hindu, Buddhists and many denominations of Christians united at a multifaith prayer vigil. Through these instances, a strong union is formed that reduces cultural and political divisions between different religious traditions that in turn, prevents the possibility of extreme violence or war. Neve Shalom, Wahat as-Salam, is another prime example of interfaith dialogue. It was established by Muslims and Jews and its main goal was to prove to Australia that peaceful relationships between different religious traditions are possible. Through this development, grew ideas about a united education saturated with peace, equality and understanding. The School for Peace (SFP) was created in 1979 as a Jewish-Arab encounter program, where Jewish and Muslim students can share education peacefully. A unique example of interfaith dialogue between a certain denomination and an entire religious tradition us the dialogue between Catholic and Jewish adherents in 1992. This eventually led to the formation of the Guidelines for Catholic-Jewish Relations to later improve the relationship. National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA) is an immense organisation that helps and supports ecumenical developments in every state in Australia through several councils such as the NSW Ecumenical Council. It does this through direct communication with the government that provides NCCA with the necessary authority to support many movements such as The Christmas Bowl and The Justice for all Australians report that researched in support of the native Aboriginals claiming indigenous sites such as cattle stations. NCCA strongly supported interfaith dialogue within Australia. One example of interfaith dialogue established by NCCA was the Australian National Dialogue of Christians, Muslims and Jews founded in 2003. This aimed to provide opportunities for various religious traditions to understand one another in harmony and peace. In conclusion, ecumenical development and interfaith dialogue are very important in Australia since they are two of Australias most powerful driving forces towards national unity, peace and harmony. It encourages tolerance and acceptance through acknowledging the uniqueness of every religious tradition and Christian denomination. Ecumenism and interfaith dialogue works towards understanding and eventually would reduce aggression, tension and violence. Through organisations like the NCCA, Australia benefitted from embracing unity of religions since it is a multifaith and multicultural country.

societhf Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Society :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Society "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn," according to Ernest Hemingway. Along with Ernest, many others believe that Huckleberry Finn is a great book, but is the novel subversive? Since this question is frequently asked, people have begun to look deeper into the question to see if this novel is acceptable for students in schools to read. First off subversive means something is trying to overthrow or destroy something established or to corrupt (as in morals). According to Lionel Trilling, " No one who reads thoughtfully the dialectic of Huck's great moral crisis will ever again be wholly able to accept without some question and some irony the assumptions of the respectable morality by which he lives, or will ever again be certain that what he considers the clear dictates of moral reason are not merely the engrained customary beliefs of his time and place." Trilling feels that Huck Finn is such a subversive character that th is will not make people believe in something totally again, because they will fear being wrong like the society in Huckleberry Finn was. I believe this and I think the subversion in the novel is established when Mark Twain begins to question the acceptable morality of society. Twain uses humor and effective writing to make Huckleberry Finn a subversive novel about society in the 19th century. Huck Finn, a boy referred to as "white trash," is a boy that has grown up believing totally what society as taught him. This passage shows an example of how society teaches him. "...And keep them till they're ransomed." "Ransomed? What's that?" "I don't know. But that's what they do. I've seen it in the books, and so of course that's what we've got to do." "Well how can we do it if we don't know what it is?" "Why, blame it all, we've got to do it. Don't I tell you it's in the books? Do you want to go to doing different from what's in the books, and get things all muddled up?" (8-9) This is a conversation between Tom Sawyer and his gang of robbers. This shows how the boys are influenced by society and believe they most follow exactly what is in the books, because that is the right way to do things.

Hotel Reservation

I. Statement of Scope and Objectives A. Introduction Technological innovation cause changes in the way people live. They have made lives of people easier, more comfortable and convenient and even hoteliers and services oriented companies find ways how to satisfy their customers, But how these hoteliers manage their transaction with fast and more convenient way. The Columban College Hotel & Resort is founded Dr. Susan P. Alegoria, the Dean of the College of Business Administration, with the recommending approval of the school treasurer Fr. Amado S. Censon and Rev. Fr. Daniel O.Presto the school President to the Board of Trustees – Most Reverent Bishop Florentino G. Lavarias, DD, as Chairman of the Board. Hotel now are having a hard time keeping their files in place. The procedure implemented is slow in billing. Manual handling of information may lead to inaccuracy of information because humans are prone to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a problem in shifting of schedules of the staff because the records is place only in the logbook and sometimes the staff is not aware that there is a reservation in a specific room because of it is difficult for them to find the room immediately.The proposed computerization system can reduced if not totally eliminates the errors that will be encountering. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be done with relative. It would then be easier for this company to go about their work with less effort and high efficiency. For Columban College Hotel & Resort, a manual-based transaction is still applied that serves as their primary system & when it comes to their data management which is record keeping and report generating.Such processes are done using logbooks, worksheets, price lists, calculators and a lot of human intervention. By doing so, the company has been encountering human errors such as i naccurate calculation, when turns out to be an inconvenience for them as it requires greater effort and time. To complement the need for capability to control, it is essential to develop an information system that will serve as the company’s backbone. Background of the Study Columban College Hotel & Resort was built on the premise of putting aLaboratory facility for BSHRM – Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management and BST – Bachelor of Science in Tourism students. After two years of deliberate construction, a five storey, 15 rooms building complete with three star class facilities finally open its doors on April 15, 2004. A team of experts manage and operate the Hotel Laboratory for the students to experience a first class hospitality education, making them equipped and at par with their counterparts.All Laboratory classes/subjects are done in the hotel; Front Office, Housekeeping, Kitchen Operations, Bar Tending/Cocktail Mixing, Baking with Cake D ecoration, International Cuisine, Events and Catering Management, and Culinary Arts. These specialized subjects are taught by experts from the industry and with NC II certification by TESDA. The Columban College Hotel & Resort, is the first educational hotel in Zambales and Bataan Provinces, it is located at Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City. It is ten minutes away from Subic Bay Freeport Zone, thus making it ideal for conferences, retreats and other gatherings.Nestled in the nature rich area of the Barrio Barretto with a spectacular view of Subic Bay and the mountains. This hotel and resort features very affordable room rates; one can choose from standard to deluxe rooms ranging from Php. 1,200. 00 to Php. 3,600. 00. It has function room that can accommodate 200 guests, and dining areas. The swimming pool – a mini –Olympic size pool with kiddy pool with lush tropical gardens and a roof deck overlooking the Barretto campus and Subic Bay will definitely make your stay wort hwhile. As educational hotel and resort, our tradition of impeccable service will make your stay memorable.The Columban College Hotel & Resort continues to set itself apart with its excellence in Hospitality Service and education as evidence by the result of regional culinary skills competition. The existing system in the organization contains many manual operations, including a manual registration and reservation performed by the guest which creates a problem on the receptionists recording the data that has been gathered, manual transactions of payment also created problem in paying the bills in the hotel. The Columban College Hotel & Resort is having a hard time keeping their files in place. The procedure implemented is slow in billing.Manual handling of information may lead to inaccuracy of information because humans are prone to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a problem in shifting of schedules of the staff because the records is place only in logbook and somet imes the staff is not aware that there is a reservation in a specific room because of it is difficult for them to find the room immediately. Another problem also is the marketing of the hotel because of its location and finding the prospect guests. The proposed computerization system can reduced if not totally eliminates the errors that will be encountering.This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be done with relative. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the management. It would then be easier for the company to go about their work with less effort and with high efficiency. B. Statement of the Problem MAJOR PROBLEM: Based on observation and interview done by the proponents, this study identified that the major problems experienced by the management lies on the manual process of all their operation.SPECIFIC PROBLEMS: 1. Slow Process – It ta kes time to prepare a billing report and billing statement of the clients and unable to determine quickly the availability of the rooms in order to assign new clients to their respective rooms because they are still using manual process. 2. Data Security – Their records will get lost or damaged because their data is not secured and sometimes the receptionists overlooks the records of the reservations and assigns different clients on the same room and same date which makes the manual system unreliable. 3.Intensive labor – They have difficulties on searching clients’ records and scanning the log books for the availability of the rooms it also needs effort in order to compute the billing statement. C. Objectives of the Study GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The general objective is to design and develop a Hotel Management System for Columban College Hotel & Resort, Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. To be able to develop a system that will speed up the proce ss of operation. The receptionists will have an ease using this system because our proposed system is capable on computing the payments that clients have made. . To be able to secure a program by creating a different user level of security The proposed system will have a capability to create a back-up of the recent database and the records are protected because the only person who can access their records is the receptionists. 3. To be able to develop a system that will ease the job of different user. With one glance the room’s status will be shown whether it is available, occupied and reserved. The receptionists would no longer look throughout all the rooms’ information on the log book one by one. D. Scope and Limitations ScopeThis study will cover the management of the rooms, the system will show the information of the room if it is occupied or available. The system will provide the computerization of the costumers’ total. The system will record the clientsâ⠂¬â„¢ information and the transaction they settled. Limitations The system limits the direct usage of the system by the clients, only the receptionists can operate the system. Editing guest information & transactions can only be made by the receptionists. E. Locale of the Study Figure 1. 0 The Columban College Hotel & Resort is located at Rizal Ext. Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City, near the Columban College, Barretto Campus. F. Significance of the Study This study aims to provide a Hotel Management System for Columban College Hotel & Resort. With regards to the billing of the guest, the system will be responsible in computing their payment and checking the availability of all rooms. Receptionists: They will consume less time and effort interacting with their clients. Having this system, they can easily access or check the status of the rooms depending on its types. And they can easily give the bill of the clients because it was already computed by the system.Clients: Their clients wi ll not have to wait for a long period of time for the room that will be assigned to them and their bill. Company: The hotel will have a better transaction process and ease in their guest management. II. Review of Related Literature and Studies A. Related Literature This chapter is a discussion of the background, aims and objectives of the present study. This chapter deals with the review of related literature. The purpose of the study of research works done in the same field is to understand what type of study has been done and what exactly has been explored before the present research work started.The system provide the reception an easy way for searching on rooms, listing off rooms, inserting the client information, making reservation for rooms and doing payment process. This will be created by four students of Columban College. They are Jon Roel Lasala(BSCS), Kristian Castillo(BSCS), Steven Ocampo(BSIT) and Rosendo Luy(BSIT). B. RELATED STUDIES Foreign Webraydian (2007) asserted that to run a hotel successfully it is important that the hotel management should be good before making any change in the trends one should take a look to every aspects as any changes in the trend also have a wide impact on the diverse industries.Rutherford (2009) asserted that the hotel business should be done in terms of the guest interest as well because of the growing concern over environment friendly service. O’Fallon (2010) asserted that the hotel business is one of the most competitive businesses in the world or the better words is â€Å"most cut throat†. Michael said that hotel reservations software allows hotels and resorts to manage reservation software allows hotels and resorts to manage reservations, set rates, offer discounts and monitor room allocations. Most otel reservation systems include hotel management software, hotel reservation and billing software, hotel reception software and hotel accounting software modules. Global Marketing asserted that comm unicating with all of these channels in order to keep them current on your inventory and rates, requires in some cases, daily manual intervention with multiple faxes and phone calls. More importantly, verifying the accuracy of each channel’s current allotment and rate by property is critical but rarely automated. Most times hotel operators do not know where or how their rooms are being sold or at what rate until the booking confirmation arrives.Waller said that is hotel hotel reservation software is really a necessary need. Pencil and paper booking sheets for example tend to get the job done, yes? That may be so, but also considers that with hotel reservation software, such booking sheets can be printed out, and many software packages can be configured to most any language. Martindale, asserted that another great feature about using hotel reservation is you can select from any hotel in the area that you want to stay at, even of your budget wouldn’t normally allow you t o afford it.With the online system you can browse the different hotels available in the area, and see if they have only a discounted price or if they will allow you to create your own price. This many sound strange, but especially during off peak times many hotel want people to spend something to stay in their room to help increase their annual revenue. Charya, asserted that Hotel Management system helps the hotel administrators to accommodate special request, booking checkouts, etc. They keep sending reminders highlight the important dates for the benefits of the customers.It also gives the hotel administration leverage in terms of making immediate adjustments as and when something unexpected turn ups. Schneider said that room management is simple and cost effective because a guest room management system can ensure maximum user-friendly and cost effectiveness. Assuresoftware. com testified that the management software can help your people get more out of every minute, every hour, a nd every workday. It is designed to boost productivity by simplifying scheduling rooms and resources. LocalValenzuela (2003) asserted that computer-based hotel reservation and billing system can reduce errors that will be encountered. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the management since computerization of all companies are being encourage; there is need for hotels to adapt computerized operation too. Razal (2004) testified that the reservation and information are essential to attract clients and customers, so when they see that the establishment that can be added to their success.Wong (2004) concluded that reservation system will lessen the work of the employees and would really help them a lot in managing the hotel and it would be much easy to organize all transactions of the hotel. Capistrano (2005) asserted that reservation system enhance the existi ng business operation and give further improvement for the business process. Fuerte (2005) concluded that an application of IT technology in any business firms hold the key to competitiveness towards development and success in the business.Ramirez (2005) asserted that reservation system will benefit not only the company but customers as well, because it will increase the efficiency of the employees working operation. Daduya (2006) claimed that organized and fast retrieval of information computerization of their reservation and registration process is need, for them to have fast and accessible transaction. Mirador (2007) asserted that reservation system is deemed significant because it will be different from the traditional process of reservation.This will reinstate the manual process of reservation which probably creates difficulty for the people the who are responsible in reservation. C. Analysis on Related Literature and Studies As summary, Hotel Reservation System is an advance p rocess of managing hotel reservation; check in, check out of costumers. It is a user friendly and helps the hotel receptionist to accommodate special request, booking, checkouts. They keep sending reminders and highlight the important dates for the benefits of the costumers.Therefore, hotel that uses Computer based system needs to conduct day training for the users/receptionist to be literate in hotel management system and to avoid difficulties in making reservation of costumers. It lessens the time consume doing the hotel reservation. It is a replacement for manual reservation. A system more convenient and user friendly and compiling of files is more accurate and more sufficient than compiling it manually. It is more easy-driven to ensure faster and reliable data by processing of information in database. III. Methodologies A. Methods of Research StudyIn this chapter, the proponents described the method of research used and data gathering procedure, tools and data processing techniq ues. The Proponents used the different gathering materials like internet, books and previous study similar to the proposed study. After collecting and analyzing the data that we gather we found out some of the problems and establish our main objectives that served to be our guidelines for pursuing the system. Those gathered information from questionnaire, surveys and interviews can solved to the problem of the Columban College Hotel & Resort for their manual process. B.Data Gathering Techniques The proponents used the Descriptive Method; it is designed to investigate and to gather information about the present situation. This was the chosen method of the proponents because the method can help the proponents obtain the information they need. There are different ways to gather the information needed for the proponents to understand more about the current system of Columban College and how can the people adjust in the new system that is going to be implemented. The facts and informatio n that was gathered by the proponents was obtained by the use of Observation, Interview and Survey.Observation – this first stage to be done because before doing the interview and survey the proponents needs to observe what kind of environment the locale of the study have, what kind of people is involved and the educational attainment of each people. This technique is very helpful in gathering the needed data because conducting the observation opened some issues and problems that the study will encounter. Interview – by conducting the interview, all the questions and issues of the proponents was brought up and was answered.Interviews were done with the different people who are involves and in-charge of the Columban College Hotel & Resort. Survey – this was used by proponents to determine the percentages of the students who agree and disagree on the proposed system. Using this technique gives the proponents the opportunity to understand the situation of the stude nts in the existing system. The techniques/ways discussed above will not be obtained without the instruments used in data gathering. These instruments were performed carefully and accurately to have a very reliable result in the study.The instruments used to gather the information needed are the Library and the Internet. Library – the proponents used the Library to gather some important information that can help improve the study. It also played a very big part in the study itself; the Library contains a lot of reliable information regarding the study that helped the proponents. Internet – the internet played a vital role in gathering the information needed. The internet nowadays contains information that are not that reliable and accurate, the proponents carefully compared the results and comments of the other readers in the internet to have a result that is reliable.The proponents used survey form as one of the most important method in data gathering. A set of survey questions was given to at least 30 respondents including employee and guests of Columban College Hotel & Resort, who gives the proponents a specific knowledge and help us in identifying the common problems they are facing in a relation to the study. The proponents used Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey. 1. Sampling Design A project for: Columban College Hotel & Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto, Olongapo CityDear respondents, This survey aims to collect data in accordance to the study â€Å"Columaban College Hotel & Resort Management System†. Kindly answer the question honestly and accurately. Please do not leave any statement unmarked. Your response will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much. God Bless! I. Personal Information Name (Optional):_____________________________________________ Age: 12- 16 17- 21 21- 30 30 & above Gender: Male Female II. Questionnaires 1. Is the reservation process on the hotel fast enough? 3D YesNo 2.Was your reservation handled courteously and correctly? 3D YesNo 3. Was the check-in process was timely and efficient? YesNo 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? YesNo 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? YesNo 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? YesNo 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? YesNo 8. Would you stay at the resort if you were to return to this area? YesNo Letter of Interview Columban College Hotel & Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto Olongapo City Dear Sir/Madam:Greetings! We are graduating students of College of Computer Studies taking up Bachelor of Science in Information Technology and Computer Science. Currently, we are enrolled in our Thesis Writing Technology where we are required to design a system for a particular organization or industry. In relation to this, we planned to design â€Å"Columban College Hotel & Re sort Management System† and we are seeking for your assistance for us to conduct an interview and data gathering at your most convenient time. Rest assured that the information that we will get will be treated with much confidentiality.We are looking forward for the consideration that you can give to our request. You may reach us through the following number: 09072316910 or email us at [email  protected] com Sincerely, _________________ Noted by: Jon Roel Lasala ________________________ _________________ Mr. Ronnie D. Luy Kristian Castillo Thesis Adviser _________________ Steven Nicco Carangalan _________________ Rosendo Luy 2. Respondents Figure 2. 0 The receptionist of Columban College Hotel & Resort Figure 3. 0 Readying for interview on Mr.Elmer Callo, Assistant Manager of the CCHR Receptionist The receptionist will be observed by the proponents to know what is the possible problems that are occurring in performing the manual operations in the hotel. Guests The proponents will conduct a survey of how the manual operations of hotel affect the satisfaction of the guests. Administrators The proponents will interview the administrators of the hotel to know what problems they are experiencing in the hotel. C. Statistical Treatment of Data 1. Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey.Survey forms will be given to the employees and some guests of the Columban College Hotel & Resort. N N Formula: P = f x 100 Where: % = Percentage f = Frequency N = Total Number of Respondents D. Collected Data and Information Result of Survey The results of the survey were discussed on this study and the following questions that were answered by the respondents: 1. Is the reservation process on the hotel fast enough? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 7| 23%| No| 23| 77%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 0 Figure 2. 0 2. Was your reservation handled courteously and correctly? | | Frequency| Percentage|Yes| 17| 56%| No| 13| 44%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 1 Figure 2. 1 3. Was the check-in process was timely and efficient? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 11| 36%| No| 19| 64%| Total| 30| 100%| Figure 2. 2 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 22| 73%| No| 8| 27%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 3 Table 2. 3 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 18| 60%| No| 12| 40%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 4 Figure 2. 4 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 28| 93%| No| 2| 7%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 5 Figure 2. 5 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 15| 50%| No| 15| 50%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 6 Figure 2. 6 8. Would you stay at the resort if you were to return to this area? | | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 21| 70%| No| 9| 30%| Total| 30| 100%| Table 1. 7 IV. Modelling and Technical Ba ckground A. Software Model The proponents adopt the System Development Life Cycle because this will act as the proponent’s guide in creating the proposed system. Figure 3. 0SDLC is a process used by IT analysts in order to develop or redesign high quality software system which meets both the customer and the real world requirement taking into consideration all associated aspects of pros and cons of software testing, analysis and post process maintenance. B. Theoretical Framework This chapter will discuss the different process and methods of creating the needed system of the organization through the guidelines that the proponents created in their researches and findings. This chapter also involves the different phases that will act as guide that will be an essential to the creation of the proposed system.Additional information Additional information PLANNING PLANNING DISCOVEERY DISCOVEERY INFORMATION GATHERING INFORMATION GATHERING REPORTING REPORTING Figure 4. 0 Theoretical F ramework C. Conceptual Framework Proposed System Proposed System Check for room availability Check for room availability Show and compute for the bills Show and compute for the bills Create a back-up for database Create a back-up for database Give the needed information Give the needed information Give the room desired by the client Give the room desired by the client Give the payment Give the payment Client Client Receptionist ReceptionistFigure 5. 0 Conceptual Framework This figure shows the concept of the proposed system, It will tackles how the process of interaction between the receptionist and the guests. 1. Paradigm/IPO Diagram Figure 6. 0 Paradigm The IPO model has many interdisciplinary applications, and is used to convey systems fundamentals in  IT  overview  education  and as a brainstorming, preliminary investigation tool in  systems development processes  such as the  SDLC. V. Systems Analysis and Design A. Systems Analysis 1. Existing System Columban Coll ege Hotel & Resort is currently performing all their process in manual operation. . User Requirements/ Requirements Specifications User Requirements | Developer Requirement| Automated Billing Statement| Create a system that will automatically generate billing statement| Computer-based viewing Room Status| Include the room status in the features of the program| Computer Reservation| Create a Database Management System| Computer-based Check in/out| Create a system that will manage the Check in/out of the clients| Computerized Adding/Viewing of Clients’ information| Create a Database Management System| Table 2. 0 User Requirements 3. Feasibility Study 3. Technical Feasibility Columban College Hotel & Resort is in need of a computer-based system to be able to operate faster and more efficiently. The system project primarily intends to avoid inconsistencies during operation. Also, implying the use of computerized processes avoids inaccurate report of billing amounts and miscalcula tion of transactions. Microsoft Office 2010 offers flexible and powerful new ways to deliver your best work—at the office, at home, or at school. Create standout reports and presentations with tools that help you capture your ideas more creatively.Stay connected to your projects, even when you’re away from your computer, with access to Office files via Web browser or Windows phone. 1  Work efficiently with others by sharing, editing, and reviewing files at the same time—even across geographies and time zones. Adobe Photoshop  is a  graphics editing program  developed and published by  Adobe Systems. Photoshop files have default file extension as  . PSD, which stands for â€Å"Photoshop Document. † A PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop.These include layers with  masks,  color spaces,  ICC profiles, CMYK Mode (used for commercial printing), transparency, text,  alpha channels  and  sp ot colors,  clipping paths, and  duotone  settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e. g. .JPG or . GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of 3 Gigabytes. Visual Basic  is a  third-generation  event-driven programming language  and  integrated development environment  (IDE) from  Microsoft  for its  COM programming model first released in 1991.Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC  and enables the  rapid application development (RAD)  of  graphical user interface (GUI)  applications, access to  databases  using  Data Access Objects,  Remote Data Objects, or  ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of  ActiveX  controls and objects. VBA  is effectively the same language as Visual Basic but VBA-code is tied to Microsoft Office and can only run wit hin that environment. The  scripting languageVBScript  is a subset of Visual Basic. . 2 Economical Feasibility The Economic Feasibility will be the basis if the said proposal is economically feasible; Every company knows that cost is one of the major problems to be considered in making a proposed system, if it affordable or not. However, the only thing that the shop need is hosting the proposed system and it is less expensive. The proposed system just need to acquire an internet connection and have knowledge on computer and it will be possible for them to get their needs and information by just browsing.The economic feasibility will illustrate the expenses needed to be able to implement the proposed system successfully below. Since the Columban College Hotel & Resort has already has a one (1) complete set of personal computer, there is no need to buy a new one. Software Specification Software Components| Description| | Windows 7| | Microsoft Office 2010| | Visual Basic 6. 0| Har dware Specification Hardware Components| Description| | Intel DUAL CORE E5300 2. 6Processor| | INTEL DG41RQ DDR800/ 6CHN/ GLAN/ QUAD/| | 2 GB DDR2 PC800| Hard disk SEAGATE 250GB 7200 SATA| | Monitor AOC9315l 18. 5† Black| | AVR 500 watts| | A4Tech Slim PS2 KBS-720 Black| | A4tech Optical Mouse OP6200 USB| 3. 3 Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility is this will focus whether the system will be productive if it is being developed and implemented. Whether there will be affect from user or there will be possible application benefits. Operational feasibility, this is how the system will solve the following problem or how it satisfies the requirements analysis phase of the development.ITEM| UNIT| PRICE| QTY. | FREQ. (1 Acad. Yr. )| TOTAL| Bond Paper| Ream| Php. 200. 00| 1| 20pcs. | Php. 4,000. 00| Ink| Cartridge| Php. 350. 00| 1| 1| Php. 350. 00| Log Book| | Php. 35. 00| 1| 12pcs. | Php. 420. 00| Total| | | | | Php. 4,770. 00| Table 4. 0 Operational Feasibility Electricity Consumption and Cost Rate/kW = Php. 5. 90 (based on ZAMECO II) Amount = (unit’s watt/1,000kW) *rate *hours usage ITEM| UNIT WATTS(1 Acad. Yr. )| HOURS USAGE| COST| Personal Computer| 225W| 24hrs. (min)| Php. 4,032. 00| Table 4. 1 Operational Feasibility 3. 4 Time FeasibilityTime feasibility will say the schedule if the project being done. And how many months it is being cover. This Gantt chart show how does data gathering being done and even the design phase and maintenance are show in the Gantt chart. Bars show the time being consumed in one task to other task until we fulfil all the requirements needed by the clients. Figure 7. 0 Gantt Chart 3. 5 Feasibility Analysis Executive Summary After the proponents gather all the essential information needed, the proponents is convinced that the proposed system will be feasible in implementing.The proposed system requires both hardware and software components to keep the system running. For the receptionists, the Visual Basic 6. 0 i s needed to run the system. It is important to create a back-up of database to keep the information and transactions safely. Since the needed software and hardware were available in the hotel, the proponents will only now focus in implementing the system to know whether the proposed system will truly help the Columban College Hotel & Resort. 4. Risk Analysis Risk| Source| Action| Risk level|Data corruption through loss or alteration of data without the application’s knowledge and consent| Receptionist error (accidental file deletion)| Recover file| High| | Software bugs (unexpected conditions and responded to incorrectly| Update anti-virus, delete any virus founds| Medium| Data corruption through willful action| Externally, from viruses and worms| Create back-up data| Medium| Acts of God| Earthquake, floods, etc. | Create back-up data| Low| Table 5. 0 Risk Analysis B. System Design 1. Proposed System This research describes an adaption of a hotel reservation system in Columba n College Hotel & Resort.Computer technology has made our lives much easier and convenient. Years ago, people had to manually input important information of their guest, now you just use the computer to find this information. In just one click, instantly find the guest name, rooms & rates, address, email address, phone numbers and so on. By investigating their existing reservation, the guest input the information manually in reservation form. It is hassle for the guest to do a reservation as well as to the receptionist. It is time a waste of time, effort and the things that is needed for the reservation.Proponents will implement the proposed system in Columban College Hotel and Resort. All you need is computer and a user, by just opening the application. It is a very reliable, efficient and convenient. It is much easier to for the receptionist to look at the database and see if the guests are already paid or if the room is already occupied or unoccupied and so on and so forth. 2. Ob ject-Oriented Analysis and Design 2. 1 UML Class Diagram Figure 8. 0 Class Diagram 2. 2 Use Case Diagram System System Check Room Information Check Room Information Input Customer InformationInput Customer Information Update System Update System Edit information Edit information Add Subcharges Add Subcharges Total Payment Total Payment Figure 9. 0 Use Case Diagram 2. 3 Use Case Description Use Case| Input reserved information| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Input data information about room reserved| Trigger| When a customer wants to reserve for room| Pre-conditions| Customers wants to reserve room| Post-conditions| System will be updated| Normal Flow| All information about reservation must be encoded| Priority| High| Frequency of Use| In all guest to booked in the hotel|Table 6. 4 Use Case| Updates System| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Updating of system in every time there is new booking schedule| Trigger| New inputs/booking schedule is given| Pre-conditions| Guest requeste d for room reservation| Post-conditions| Input/information given is updates to the system| Priority| High| Frequency of Use| In all guest to booked in the hotel| Table 6. 5 Use Case| Edit information| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Editing of customer and room information| Trigger| When information needs to be updated| Post-conditions| System will update changes|Normal Flow| Editing is always done when changes are needed to be done in the customer information| Includes| Data Verification| Table 6. 6 Use Case| Total payment| Actor| Receptionist| Description| Adding all the expenses in the information| Post-conditions| Payment will be done according to the total amount| Normal Flow| | Includes| | Priority| | Frequency of Use| | Business Rules| | Table 6. 8 2. 4 System Sequence Diagram 3. Network Diagram/System Architecture Proposed System Proposed System Receptionist Receptionist Database Management System Database Management SystemFigure 11. 0 Network Diagram Network Diagram  is the  conceptual model  that defines the  structure and behaviour of a  system. 4. Database Structure 4. 1 Entity Relationship Diagram 4. 2 Data Dictionary 4. 3 Relational Databases 5. System Interfaces 5. 1 System Inputs Guest Reservation Form This is where the receptionist will input the essential information of the guest, it will also show how much the guest will pay about the chosen room. This is where the additional necessity will be ordered by the guest and the receptionist will process the transaction 5. 2 System Outputs . 3 Process Specifications 5. 4 Integrity Controls All bits of information or data that are gathered in the guest will be stored in the system and its database. Only the receptionist can modify the system in the server through the approval of who might be the one should be approving it. That person who will be approving it will depend on the agreement of the company or policy. 5. 5 Security Controls The proposed system has the capability to back-up th e database of all it saved information. The system will have passwords where only receptionist can access it.Any antivirus programs with high integrity will be used to protect the system. 6. Automation Boundary The proposed system will be about reservation of room accommodation and other services. The system will not be providing automated billing. 7. Initial Gap Analysis The existing system is all about manual operation by filling up form of reservation, unlike the proposed system all you need to do is encode the information. Other advantage of the proposed system its more efficient if compiling reservation form. It is also more accurate in reviewing data information about the previous accommodations.Chapter VI A. Implementation Activities In order to successfully implement the proposed system for Columban College Hotel & Resort, the proponents need to orient the Receptionist, Manager and Owner on how the process of the proposed system works and on how the system should be handled, after orientation and installation the system will be tested and will be evaluated for further revisions or enhancement that are still needed to include on the proposed system. B. Testing 1. Unit Testing The system administrator and other users will be involved in testing the program.The users are allowed to explore the system then let them take notes if there are any flaws in it or if there are anything that needs to improve. Then the proponents will debug the system then re-run the testing for further adjustment and debugging until the system will be fully operational. ALPHA TESTING Alpha testing is a form of preliminary software field test carried out by a team of users in order to find bugs that were not found previously through other tests. The main purpose of alpha testing is to refine the software product by finding and fixing the bugs that were not discovered through previous tests.This indicate the stages of the process how the system response to its given task. The testin g is conducted in order to know how the systems deliver the required response regarding with its performance. Based from the test that has been establish in using alpha testing, the proponents comes up from the first part of testing the system, there were things that must be change. One of the changes that need to be change is the abolishing of the manual procedure of the hotel, 2. Integration Testing 3. Usability TestingAfter all operation testing are done, the Hotel Management System receptionist will seek for questions regarding the improvements of the system. After gathering some information, adjustment or improvements will be done in the system depending on how big are the problems need to be change in the system. 4. User Acceptance Test As all the adjustment or improvements are done, the system will be tested again by the Users and will be re-evaluated if the system already fulfilled the User’s satisfaction. C. Change Request and Error Reports D. Deployment 1. Deploymen t Approaches 2. User’s TrainingIn order for the system to fully-implement in the oraganization, the users must undergo training in order to gain enough knowledge in computer. The training will be about familiarizing in the operating system which is the Windows7 so that the user wil use will know where to go in accessing the system, then the Microsoft Visual Basic. net in order for them to easily understand the environment of the syetm because the system is made through the said software. Then, also most importantly is the users must be trained on how to use the system. The training will be conducted in their free time.In terms of the untoward incident that will happen in the system during the operation, the users are obligued to go out series of trainings for the debugging of the system as well as the system’s maintenace. 3. System Maintenance 1. Problem Report During the previous process, the problems aroused in the system are the following: 2. Manual Changing and Upd ating of records The Hotel’s office consists of many files of the clients and inventories. Since, the office piled up with many files there are many records that needed to be recorded in a new form and add to the database.And also the files are not be placed consequently because the files are only been placed to the filling cabinet in the office. 3. Employees are not Computer Confident The Front Desk Employees does not have sufficient knowledge about computer. Regarding with this, the proponents suggested to have leave and conduct training or seminar. 1. Policies and Procedures Policies Policies may vary depending on the desire of Columban College Hotel & Resort Management, but the proponents suggest the following policies: 1. Only the Admin are in charge of adding, editing and deleting the System Users 2.The system data base should be backed-up every week in case of data crash or other unexpected circumstances 3. The Computer should be place in a nice atmosphere to prevent o verheating. 4. No other employee other than the Receptionist, Manager and owner can directly use the system. 5. In the reservation transaction, down payment is needed in order to confirm the reservation, the receptionist will inform the client that the registration will be cancelled if the guest didn’t arrive 2 hours after the expected time of arrival and the down payment will serve as the registration fee. Chapter VIIConclusion and Recommendation A. Conclusion The Hotel Management System have already been completed. It really made a significant difference as compared with the present existing system of the hotel since it was done through interfaces of computers. The usage of the system truly provides the advancement of technology, towards a fast access of information. The proponents therefore conclude that it is more reliable to make use of the proposed system as it is able to reduce data redundancies and inconsistencies, in which the administrator and receptionist experienc ed while using the existing system.The proposed system is guaranteed to be secured and will make the work of the receptionist faster and more convenient. B. Recommendation The proponents recommend the implementation of the system as it would speed up and make more efficient the processes involved in managing rooms. Full testing before implementation is suggested. The system will not cover how the payment will be done, whether they will use credit card or bank transactions.Stand-alone computer unit is used in the system but in the future purposes the respondents can use two or more computer unit for the manager and the management if needed. The user level must be considered always for the security of the files and every transaction. Because of technology the needed for improvement never stop, therefore the proponents recommend to the next future proponents to add more features to the system to become more useful and to satisfy the future needs of the business.